论小额诉讼的启动

On Initiating Petty Lawsuit

小额诉讼设立之目的在于解决司法资源的有效性与司法救济实现的公平性之间的矛盾,以使民众享有平等地接近正义的机会。但在实践中,小额诉讼的启动受当事人意愿的影响很大,与法律规定的强制启动相去甚远,导致小额诉讼适用率低、运行效果差,当事人和法官对小额诉讼制度均表现出消极和谨慎的态度;加之立法对于小额案件适用程序区分的态度,本身也制约了小额诉讼制度适用的空间。小额诉讼的启动之所以遭遇实践困境,一是小额诉讼的价值,名为满足民众平等接近司法的需求,实为分流司法压力,考虑的是程序运行者而非程序利用者的利益;二是程序救济缺位。为保障小额诉讼的顺利启动,从理想出发应建构独立的小额诉讼程序,以便于当事人从小额诉讼中获取的胜诉收益与成本相适应;而在现有程序体系内,除进行规则的设计外,重点应通过裁判异议的方式弥补当事人的程序救济权。

Establishment of petty lawsuit aims to solving the contradiction between efficiency of judicial re- sources and fairness of judicial remedy, so that the masses could enjoy the opportunity of realizing justice. However, in practice, litigantg will has much influence upon the initiating of petty lawsuit, which makes the process less efficient and effect weak, so litigants and judiciaries all show their negative and prudential atti- tude. The paper analyzes the difficulty of launching the procedure ： firstly, the value of petty lawsuit essential- ly can diverse the stress on judicature while meeting the needs of peopleg appealing to judicial system equally; secondly, the lack of procedure remedy, that is, to ensure the initiating of the lawsuit, petty procedure should be built independently, and litigants can feel the equality between winning-over income and cost. Currently, besides the layout of rules, the litigants should be made up for procedure relief through adjudication objection.