俄罗斯农业经营主体变迁及启示

Management Subject of Russian Agriculture:Its Changes and Enlightenment

1991年以来,俄罗斯通过大规模的农业改革催生出一大批新型农业生产经营主体,包括农业企业、居民经济、农户(农场)经济。这些新型农业经营主体的发展变迁呈现出以下几个特点,即:农业企业生产地位大大下降;居民经济生产地位在整个农业中呈上升态势;农户(农场)经济产值所占比重较小。俄罗斯的农业经营主体变迁为我国当前培育和发展新型农业经营主体提供了有益的启示和借鉴,即:正确的发展目标是农业生产经营主体改革的前提条件;土地产权明晰是农业生产经营主体改革的基础;农业支持政策是农业生产经营主体发展的保障。

Since the 1991, Russia has conducted a great number of new production management units through large-scale agricultural reform, including agricultural enterprise, resident economy, farmer or farm economy. The changes of new management subjects show the following characteristics, that is, huge decrease of enter- prise production status, rising resident economy in the whole agriculture, and smaller proportion of farmer or farm economy. Russian change of agricultural management subject provides a beneficial enlightenment, i.e. correct goal for development remains the precondition for reforming management subject, clear land property right is the basis of subject reform, and agricultural supporting policy can ensure the progress of agricultural production management subjects.