合成生物学及其在生物制造领域的进展与治理

Advance and Governance of Synthetic Biology and Its Application in Biomanufacturing

合成生物学是利用工程学的设计原理改造和优化现有自然生物体系,甚至从头合成创建具有特定功能的人工生物体系,在深入理解生命本质的同时,实现在能源、材料、食品、医药、化工、环境和农业等领域的广泛应用。本世纪以来,合成生物学研究发展迅速,已经取得了一系列突破性的成果。本文简要综述了合成生物学的概念理论、技术方法和功能应用主要发展概况及其生物安全风险管理,并且就其在生物制造领域的应用进行了重点阐述,并对其未来发展,尤其合成生物学发展需要点解决的问题进行了展望。

Synthetic biology is to redesign and optimize the existing biological systems, even to cre- ate de novo artificial biological systems with specific functionality for useful purposes based on prin- ciples of engineering. It could help to understand the essence of life in-depth while achieve the wide- spread applications in energy, material, food, medicine, chemical engineering, environment and ag- riculture sectors, etc. In this century, the rapid development of synthetic biology contributes to a series of breakthroughs. This paper briefly reviews or proposes the methodologies, enabling tech- nologies, functional applications and biosecurity risk management of synthetic biology. And it main- ly focuses on the applications of synthetic biology in biomanufacturing. Moreover, it gives a prospection on the future development, especially on the key scientific problems to be solved of syn- thetic biology.