美国研究型大学本科拔尖创新人才培养及启示

On the Cultivation of Tip-top Innovative Talents and Its Enlightenments in the Undergraduate Education of American Research Universities

高等教育的战略性变革是拔尖创新人才培养的前提,人才培养模式创新是拔尖创新人才培养的核心。美国研究型大学以本科拔尖创新人才为培养目标,以模式创新推动了本科拔尖创新人才的培养。其模式创新的主要内容包括:注重通识教育与跨学科课程,采用研讨式和研究型教学方法,强调个别指导和协同培养的人才培养机制,教学评价突出"向教性"和"向学性"。受此启发,我国本科拔尖创新人才培养应注重以协同培养为路径创新培养模式,以学科交叉融合为导向优化资源配置,以完善评价机制为导向加强制度保障。

The strategic transformation of higher education is the premise of the cultivation of tip-top innovative talents, and the innovation of the talent training mode is the core of the tip-top innovative talents cultivation. Regarding the tip-top innovative talents in the undergraduate education as the ultimate training target, American rest：arch universities have pushed forward the tip-top innovative talents cultivation by the way of mode innovation which includes focusing on the general education and the interdisciplinary curriculum, adopting the deliberative teaching and the research-based teaching as the main teaching methods, emphasizing on the integrative training mechanism of tuLorial system with cooperative cultivation, as well as highlighting teaching-orientated and student-orientated teaching evaluation. Inspired by these, the tip-top innovative talents cultivation in the undergraduate education in China should focus on innovating the training mode by the way of cooperative training, optimizing the resource allocation in the method of integrating different disciplines, and strengthening the institutional guarantee by improving evaluation mechanism.