多维视角中芭蕾舞剧《红色娘子军》的时代解读——兼论艺术经典的生成与意义

The Aesthetic Values of Classical Art Works: Multidimensional Perspectives on The Red Detachment of Women

作为艺术经典,中国芭蕾舞剧《红色娘子军》至今已上演了五十年近4000场。本文从美学、人类学视角阐释其构成要素及意义,提出艺术经典需有一以贯之的艺术精神红线,引领整个作品形成的铺陈结构。这个铺陈结构既是叙事结构、情感结构和意念结构,也是一个镶嵌在有限结构上的开放包容的无边框架。艺术经典是一个编创、表演、受众全方位参与的共生结构,是编创者、表演者和受众互动共生的审美交集,是作品的"召唤结构"和人民性的合唱。舞蹈艺术经典从主题、情节、人物、风格、样式,到演技、音乐、服装、舞美、受众等,是一个浑然天成的生命整体,任何一个元素都不可或缺,不可替代。艺术经典需要从政治、教育、祭祀等多种文化功能到单一审美文化功能的历史性蒸馏过程,其审美价值在于勾连人性深处的恒在结构。即连接人的情感,直击人的心灵,激发人的积极生命体验,确证人之为人的本质力量。观照这种中西合璧式的舞蹈艺术形式,需要摒弃西方分析哲学观念,超越形式和内容二元对立、中国舞蹈和西方芭蕾舞蹈二元对立的思维框架,更要超越中国文化和西方文化二元对立的思维坐标。在整体哲学观视野下,艺术经典是一个不可分割的与人性深层结构浑然链接的整体,具有超越国界、民族、时代、舞种的跨文化意义,即艺术经典的人类文化遗产价值。从中华民族文化观照《红》剧舞蹈所以成就的历史端和未来端,以中华民族"和而不同"的价值理念为引领,是我们创新舞蹈乃至复兴中华文化的重要路径,也是促进人类文化多样性共生与繁荣的必然选择。

Chinese classical ballet The Red Detachment of Women has been performed more than four thousand times dllring the past 50 years. The paper explains the ballet＇ s constitutional elements and its significance in the perspectives of aesthetics andanthropology, and puts forward that classical art works requires an art spiritual thread running through and guiding the structure of the whole work＇s formation. The aesthetic values of classical art works lie in the connection with the permanent construction of human nature that is connecting with human emotions, striking human hearts, and stimulating the positive human life experience. Classical art works should be appreciated as an entirety linking with the deep structure of human nature inextricably, and possessing the crosscultural significance beyond the boundaries of nationalities, time, and dancing forms. Appreciating the past and the future of Chinese classical ballet in the perspective of Chinese traditional culture, the guiding principle of Chinese traditional philosophical ＂harmony in diversity＂ is an essential path to create dance works and even revive Chinese traditional culture, and an inevitable option to improve the diversifying intergrowth and prosperity of the whole human cultures.