女性主义视角下的印度性暴力问题解析

A Feminist Analysis of Gender-based Violence in India

近年来印度频发的性暴力事件,使得"男权文化的侵犯性"成为媒体热议的焦点。本文从女性主义视角解析印度性暴力事件频发的历史文化及社会根源,发现印度传统经典尊崇女神与歧视女性的双重塑造、印度教徒道德与信仰二元化的宗教实践、缺乏性别视角的法律文本与实践,是造成印度男权文化强盛、性别歧视严重以及性暴力频发的根本原因,而快速的城市化进程与城乡经济发展水平的不均衡,则加剧了性别关系的紧张。由此本文认为,大力发展生产力有助于破除传统观念,将社会性别意识纳入政治与法治建设,积极营造性别平等的社会环境,才能从根本上祛除印度社会男权文化的侵犯性,建立双性和谐的美好社会。

The frequency of gender- based violence( GBV) in India over the past several years has made the country's'aggressive male culture'a focal point of the media. This paper analyzes the historical,cultural and social roots of the frequent occurrence of GBV in India from a feminist perspective. It finds that India's strong patriarchal culture,its extreme levels of gender- based discrimination and its high levels of GBV are fundamentally rooted in the dualism between India's traditional worship of female deities and its discrimination against women,between Hindi ethical teachings and religious practice,and in the lack of a consideration of gender in the country's legal development and practice. At the same time,rapid industrialization and growing urban- rural economic disparities have created greater tensions in gender relations. As such,it is argued that deliberate development of production capacity will help break down traditional values,raise gender awareness to the level of policy and legal development,and positively shape a social environment characterized by gender equality. Only in this way can India transform its aggressive male culture,and realize a society where both sexes live in harmony.