中小型养猪场污水矿化滤池处理初步研究

Preliminary Study of Mineralizing-filter for Small and Medium-sized Piggery Sewage Treatment

随着养猪业集约化发展,猪场粪污污染已成为一个不可回避的问题,特别是缺乏统一规范污水处理设施的中小型猪场。文章以就地矿化滤池作为处理利用中小猪场污水的试验,探索矿化滤池初步处理猪场污水的可能性与应用推广面临的主要问题。该试验采用渗滤干湿交替和矿化渗滤交替运行的方式,渗滤干湿交替比为2,矿化渗滤比为3。试验运行总时间66 d,初次渗滤运行15 d,翻耕、矿化45 d,再次渗滤运行6 d,即第2次渗滤运行6 d;场地设在崇明县某猪场旁,试验矿化滤池几何尺寸:6 m×6 m×1 m,污水为猪场经雨污分离和粪污分离的初步分离水。试验结果显示:1)滤池初次渗滤运行第一次布水渗滤速度达0.45 m·d-1,到第5次布水,渗滤速度降到0.031 m·d-1;2)经翻耕矿化后,再次渗滤布水,渗滤速度恢复到0.094 m·d-1;3)初次渗滤运行的第一次和第三次布水对CODcr,总氮,总磷,钾的平均去除率分别达到66.14%,64.38%,93.51%,11.40%;4)整个试验运行结束后,土壤基质层碱解氮、有效磷、重金属、有机质和腐殖酸含量增加,表层增加最多。根据研究结果和中小猪场污水产量相对较少的特性,就地矿化渗滤处理中小猪场污水具有较大潜力。

Piggery waste pollution has become an unavoidable problem attribute to the development of intensive industry, especially the small and medium-sized pig farms where lack of unified, standardized sewage treatment facilities. This paper reported an experiment with mineralizing-filter treating small and medium-sized piggery sewage to explore the possibility and main problems. The experiment processed totally 66 days, including 15 days of first filtration, 45 days of mineralization, and 6 days of second filtration. The size of mineralization was 6 m × 6 m × 1 m. The feedstock sewage was separated from rain flushed sewage in pig farm. The result showed that： 1. l^ercolation rate reacheed 0.45 md^-1 for the first water distribution, dropped to 0. 031 m d^-1 during the fifth water distribution; 2. infiltration rate backed to 0.094 m d^-1 after ploughing and mineralization; 3. the average removal rate of CODcr, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium were 66.14%, 64.38%, 93.51%, 64.38% during the first and third water distribution, respectively; 4. the content of alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, heavy metals, organic matter and humic acid in substrate layer of mineralizingfilter increased after mineralization, and the most increase appeared on surface. According to the results, the mineralization and infiltration system has potentials for small and meclium-sized piggery wastewater treatment.