女性盆底重建中纳米材料的研究现状

The Current Status of Nanomaterials in Female Pelvic Floor Reconstruction

女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)是指盆底支持结构缺陷、损伤及功能障碍造成的疾患,包括尿失禁(urinary incontinence,UI)、盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)、粪失禁(fecal incontinence,FI)等。PFD发病机制尚不明确,治疗PFD的主要目标是恢复盆腔器官的解剖和功能,手术是PFD最主要的治疗方法。当前盆底重建手术中应用的聚丙烯合成材料在降低术后复发率的同时,也存在排异、侵蚀等并发症,学者们仍然在探索组织相容性更好的盆底重建材料。纳米材料直径通常介于数十纳米至数微米之间,具有极大的比表面积和高孔隙率,高度类似细胞外基质,利于细胞的黏附、分化和增殖,在女性盆底重建领域有巨大的应用前景。综述纳米材料的分类、特性、制备技术及其在女性盆底重建中的研究现状。

Pelvic floor dysfunction（PFD） is the inability of the pelvic floor to fulfil its supportive role to the pelvic organs and/or its inability to allow these organs to function normally,including urinary incontinence （UI）, pelvic organ prolapse（POP） and fecal incontinence（FI）. PFD pathogenesis is not clear,the main objective of treatment is to restore the anatomy and function of the pelvic organs,surgery is the most important treatment for PFD. Due to polypropylene mesh erosion and rejection ,scholars are still exploring histocompatibility better pelvic floor reconstruction. Nanomaterials can mimic the nanoscale properties of native extracellular matrix and facilitate cell attachment differentiation and proliferation to guide tissue repair and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the classification,properties, nanotechnology, study status, potential applications of nanomaterials on the field of pelvic reconstruction.