塔里木河流域生态系统特征及其管理面临的问题分析

Analysis of problems about Ecosystem characteristics and management of Tarim River Basin

基于塔里木河流域生态系统特征,分析塔里木河流域生态系统管理面临的主要问题。1农业开发大量挤占生态用水,威胁流域生态系统安全;2流域农药使用量增长1.78倍,化肥使用量增长2.06倍,工业SO2排放量增长5.93倍,城镇污水量增长0.23倍,下游水质严重超标;3水资源利用效率仅为6.79元/m3,远低于新疆平均水平;4人口和种植规模年均增长11%以上,突破流域水资源承载力。从综合生态管理体制、生态资源市场交易机制、生态立法三方面提出塔里木河流域生态系统管理新方向。

main problems about ecosystem management of Tarim River Basin were analyzed based on Tarim River Basin ecosystem characteristics. （1）Agriculture development consumed a lot of eco-environmental water, which posed a threat to ecosystem security. （2）Pesticides, fertilizer usage, industrial SO2 emissions, Urban sewage quantity increased by 1.78 ,2.06 , 5.93 and 0.23 times, respectively, resulting in serious exceeds of water quality of downstream. （3）Water utilization efficiency was only 6.79 CNY per cubic meter, which was far below the average level of XinJiang.（4）The Population and planting scale grew more than I 1 percent annually, which broke through water resources carrying capacity of Tarim River Basin. New directions were proposed to promote ecosystem management of Tarim River Basin from the comprehension of the management resources, and administrative laws and regulations. mechanism of ecology, trading mechanism of ecological