穿越大唐的缕缕芳魂——唐诗中的女性形象述略

The Numerous Women Throughout Tang Dynasty——On the Female Images in the Poems of Tang Dynasty

按照初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐的时间顺序,简要论述唐诗中各类女性的形象及其变迁,指出:初唐女性题材诗歌以描写宫廷女性的上官体、历史美女题材为主;盛唐时期,除宫廷女性题材、历史美女题材继续大行其道以外,思妇、怨妇、弃妇、征妇、勇妇题材盛行起来;中唐时期,由于战争频仍,有关思妇、怨妇、弃妇、征妇的诗歌题材更多更广,贞妇烈女及妓女题材也有所表现;晚唐诗人不仅关注女性的外貌之美,更关注女性的内心世界。有唐一代,除男性诗人关注女性,写下了有关女性题材的大量优秀诗作以外,不少才华横溢的女性诗人从关注自身的角度出发,也留下了脍炙人口的不朽诗篇。

This article briefly discusses all kinds of female images and their changes in the poems of Tang Dynasty according to the time sequence of the early Tang Dynasty,the flourishing period of Tang Dynasty,the mid- Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. It points out that the poems with women as their theme in the early Tang Dynasty were mainly described about the palace women in Shangguan style and the beauties in history. In the flourishing period of Tang Dynasty,in addition to that,the themes of palace women and beauties in history were still very popular,the themes about the women missing their husband,the complaining women,the deserted women,the women whose male family member were in the battlefield and the brave women began to enjoy popularity. In the mid- Tang Dynasty,due to the frequent wars,the poetic themes about the above- mentioned women were more frequently and extensively expressed. And the theme about chaste women and prostitutes were also described. The poets in the late Tang Dynasty were not only concerned about the beautiful appearance of the women,but more concerned about their inner world. Throughout Tang Dynasty,besides the male poets＇ concern about the females,who wrote a large number of good poems with women as their themes,a number of talented poetesses,from the point of view of being concerned about themselves,also produced the immortal poems that have enjoyed great popularity.