花岗岩矿区水力岩土侵蚀研究初探——以福建省安溪县铁峰山花岗岩矿区为例

Initial Study on the Hydraulic Rock- soil Erosion in the Granite Mine Area- Taking the Tiefeng Mountain Granite Mine of Anxi County as the Example

以安溪县铁峰山花岗岩矿区为例,以集水区为单元,选取具有代表性的矿点作为研究对象,采用调查分析法、标桩法和侵蚀沟体积量算转换法进行矿区水力岩土侵蚀的研究。结果表明:1花岗岩矿区由于其自身的特点,水力岩土侵蚀以溅蚀、面蚀、沟蚀等形式体现,其土壤侵蚀强度多达到强烈甚至极强烈以上。2由于矿渣的阻滞作用,降雨后土壤多呈泥浆状溅散。雨滴的溅蚀使得土壤多呈现鳞片状侵蚀,降雨过后部分地表土层产生板结。3从研究区面蚀和沟蚀情况看,水力岩土侵蚀多达到极强烈以上侵蚀,且受坡长、坡度、堆体颗粒组成、有无植被覆盖、堆倒年限等因素的综合影响。

Taking the Tiefeng Mountain Granite Mine of Anxi County as the example,it was selected the representative mine site for study based on the catchment as the unit. The study was conducted on the hydraulic rock- soil erosion in the mine area in accordance with the methods of investigation,standard stake and measurement conversion of erosion gully volume,respectively. The results showed that 1） because of own characteristics,hydraulic rock- soil erosion appeared in the forms of sputtering,sheet erosion and gully erosion with the erosion strength reached strong or extreme strong; 2） due to the retardation of the slag,soil after raining sprayed as muddy. The sputtering erosion of the rain drop made the soil appeared the scaled erosion,that some top soil layers were hardened after raining; 3） from the sheet erosion and gully erosion status in the study area,it was found that the hydraulic rock- soil erosion reached extreme strength and affected by the factors of the slope length and degree,the particle composition,vegetation cover and mound collapse years,etc.