基于新制度经济学的产学研协同创新理论架构研究

Research on the Theoretical Framework of I-U-R Collaborative Innovation Based on the New Institutional Economics

"2011计划"开展以来,以高校为中心的各级各类"2011协同创新中心"陆续成立,但理论上对产学研协同创新的理解仍未有共识,影响了中心的可持续发展。本文以高校"2011协同创新中心"为例,运用新制度经济学的交易费用理论、企业边界理论、契约理论和制度变迁理论,分别对产学研协同创新的本质、协同体的边界、协同体的内部治理机制以及外部制度环境演化和变迁规律尝试作出全新的阐释,从而构建一个全新的产学研协同创新理论分析架构:机会主义倾向、有限理性、信息不对称以及资产专用性,增加了产、学、研各主体之间交易费用。协同创新的本质就是通过制度设计,形成一个组织来替代市场,从而降低市场交易费用;企业边界理论确定了产学研协同创新的内容——协同体的边界;契约理论重新阐释了协同体治理结构——系列契约的优化选择;制度变迁理论则从宏观角度分析了外部制度环境促进产学研协同创新发展的配套制度改革与演化规律。

＂2011 Collaborative Innovation Center＂ of all levels which took universities as the center have been established since the ＂2011 Project＂. However, there has not come to a consensus on the understanding of ＂industry- university-research institution＂ collaborative innovation, which affected sustainable development of the center. Taking universities＇ ＂2011 Center of Collaborative Innovation＂ as an example, using transaction cost theory, firm boundary theory, contract theory and institution change theory of the new institutional economics to make a bran-new interpretation on the nature of I-U-R collaborative innovation, boundary of collaborative innovation, internal government mechanism and evolution of external institutional environment of collaborative innovation and law of the vicissitude. Thereby building a bran-new theoretical analysis framework of I-U-R collaborative innovation： inclination of opportunism, bounded rationality, information asymmetry and asset specificity, increasing transaction cost among industry, university and research institution. The nature of collaborative innovation is by designing a system, forming an organization to replace the market, thus reducing the transaction cost. Firm boundary theory ascertains the content of I-U-R collaborative innovation that is the boundary of collaborative innovation. Contract theory makes a reinterpretation on the structure of collaborative innovation-optimizing selection of series of contracts. Institution change theory analyses that external institutional environment promotes supporting system＇s reform and law of evolution of the development of I-U-R collaborative innovation from a macroscopic angle.