儿童哮喘认知功能障碍的研究进展

Research Progress of Cognitive Impairment in Children with Asthma

支气管哮喘是儿童常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,哮喘持续控制不佳或迁延不愈可引起哮喘患儿认知功能障碍。儿童哮喘的认知功能障碍主要临床表现为智力、注意力、学习记忆力、执行功能的下降。哮喘症状反复发作引起的间歇性缺氧和睡眠障碍可能与患儿认知功能障碍有关。神经心理学、神经电生理及神经影像学的应用,为哮喘患儿认知功能评估提供了客观的量化依据。合理的抗哮喘治疗可改善临床哮喘症状,对儿童哮喘认知功能障碍有积极防治作用。

Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. Poor control of asthma or uncontrolled asthma may result in cognitive dysfunction. The main clinical manifestations of cognitive deftcits in children with asthma could be the decline of intelligence, attention, vigilance, learning and memory, and executive function. Asthma-induced intermittent hypoxia and sleep disturbance could be the factors most frequently associated with cognitive deficits in asthmatic children. Neurocognitive impairment can be measured objectively with examinations such as neuropsyehological evaluation, electroneumphysiology and brain imaging techniques. Reasonable anti-asthma treatment could improve the clinical symptoms of asthma, which may also play a positive role in preventing and treating cognitive dysfunction in asthmatic children.