略论清代温病诸师的阴阳观

Research on School of Epidemic Febrile Disease's view on Yin and Yang in Qing Dynasty

清代中医学最重要的进步是在温病学方面的成就。因温病是外感温热邪气,治疗上"只能作热治,不能从寒医",须要处处顾护阴液,故温病学派给人的感觉一般来说是崇尚阴柔、好用寒凉、用药轻灵等等。这其实是治疗温病本身的需要,并非温病学诸大师的一隅之偏。清代温病诸师中,叶天士、王孟英等皆主阴阳平衡观,反对景岳之"贵阳贱阴"观点,反对空谈先天阴阳,认为无补于临床。而吴鞠通则持"阳大阴小论"和"阴常有余阳常不足论",反对阴阳平衡,主"贵阳贱阴"论调。这些特点应该引起学术界重视。

In the Qing dynasty, the most important progress in TCM is the achievement of epidemic febrile disease. Because seasonal febrile hot diseases are caused by exogenous warm pathogenic factor, so the treatment should protect yin fluid carefully from beginning to the end, so the school of epidemic febrile disease gives people the feeling that they generally admire yin and despise Yang, prefer using cool, light, gentle nature herbs with small dose. These features are internal requirements of epidemic febrile diseases, not personal favoritism of the epidemic febrile school founders. Most of the school founders, such as Ye Tianshi , Wang Mengying, etc. , advocated the point of balance of yin and yang, and opposed the admire yang and despise yin point of Zhang Jingyue. They also opposed the congenital yin and yang theory, and took it as useless in clinical practice. Interestingly, Wu Jutong hold＂ Big Yang and Small Yin Theory＂ and ＂Yin always sufficient ,Yang always insufficient theory＂ against the balance of yin and yang, and advocate the admire yang and despise yin point of view. These characteristics should be paid more academic attention.