一种多功能深松施肥机的设计与田间试验效果

Design and Field Test of a Kind of Multi-Functional Deep Subsoiling and Fertilizing Machine

针对玉米宽窄行种植模式的农艺要求及特点,设计一种配套的多功能深松施肥机。根据季节特点、施肥位置要求和拖拉机作业形式等条件,设计了深松施肥机,提高肥料利用率,减少机器进地次数和对土壤的压实;该机不仅可以在伏雨到来前在宽行进行深松施肥作业,也可以去除施肥部件,在秋季进行标准深松作业,从而实现一机多用。田间试验结果表明：采用苗带侧200-250 mm处定向施肥,施肥深度50-100 mm,与宽行苗带中间施肥相比,在施肥一个月后,植株高度显著提高10%-13%;在秋季拆分成独立的深松机可实现250-300 mm的深松作业,深松深度的平均变异系数为1.03%,说明该机的工作稳定性好;夏季深松机深松后的土壤平均膨胀度为16.12%,对土壤扰动范围较小,地表没有出现明显的大块与粘条。

A multi-functional machine to complete the deep loosening and fertilizing was designed contraposing the agronomic requirements and features of wide-narrow-row planting pattern.The subsoiler and the fertilization components were designed according to the season characteristics,location requirements of fertilization and the operation form of tractors; it could increase the use rate of fertilizers,and reduce the times of machines entering land to avoid the soil compaction; it could not only be used for deep scarification and fertilization in wide rows before the arrival of summer rain,but also operate standard subsoiling in the fall after removing the fertilization components,so it could be a machine to achieve several purposes.The field test results showed that compared with intermediate fertilization,fertilizing at 200 - 250 mm of line side in the depth of50 - 100 mm,the plant height increased by 10% - 13% in one month.The machine also could be detached into independent deep subsoiler to realize 250 - 300 mm of subsoiling operation in fall; and the average variation coefficient of subsoiling depth was 1.03% accounting for stable performance of this deep loosening machine.The average degree of swelling after summer subsoiling was 16.12%,and the range of soil disturbance was small with no obvious bulk and adhesive tape.