“不知之知”与天地人三才之道的贯通--对《庄子·应帝王》开端的理解

“The Knowing without Knowing”and the Communication of the Ways of Heaven,the Earth and Human beings

《庄子》对政治生活的思考以"四问而四不知"为起点,以浑沌之死为终点,"知"作为"人的机制"乃是凿破浑沌的关键。"不知"不是知的"否定",而是意味着更深层的"不知之知",从"知"到"明"到"神"的层层深入、上达的认识运动,内蕴在"不知之知"的深层。也正是"神"、"明"构成了通达天、地、人三才之道的帝王之德的内容,与此相对,"知"则将认识限制在"人的机制"中,阻碍了对未知的天道、地道的开放。就此而言,庄子以"不知之知"为起点的政治思考,通向的则是天地人三才贯通的帝王政治类型。

Chuang-tzu’s takes the complete ignorance as the starting point to political life and the death of “chaos”as its ending.“Knowing”,in human beings’way,is the key to destroy chaos.Ignorance is not the negation of knowing,but a pro-found knowledge of ignorance.In-depth understanding from knowing,bright to spirit contains in it.It is spirit and bright that constitute imperial virtue which communicate the heaven,the earth and human beings.Meanwhile,knowing,limits cognition to the way of human beings,with the result that the door to the heaven and the earth is closed.For that matter,Chuang-tzu’ s thinking on political beginning particularly with the knowledge of ignorance is an approach to that kind of imperial polity,the heaven,the earth and human beings connected there.