从“悼亡”说到“自伤”说——论何焯对《锦瑟》主题的阐释及其流变

From Notion of“Mourning”to Notion of“Self-wounding”——On He Zhuo's Interpretations of the Theme of Jin Se and Their Evolvement

李商隐《锦瑟》主题阐释史上最引人注目的观点是悼亡说、自伤说与诗集自序说,三种说法均与何焯有关。通过对何焯的李商隐诗歌批评文献进行了全面的梳理与考证,可以探寻何焯对《锦瑟》主题的阐释及其流变,追溯自伤说产生的渊源。何焯以真切的生命体验与科学严谨的文献考据相结合的研究方法,从悼亡说到自伤说,从《锦瑟》扩展到李商隐的全部寄寓之作,建立了自伤型批评话语体系。

What stand out among the interpretations of the theme of Jin Se are the notions of mourning,self-wounding and poetry preface,all of which are connected with He Zhuo.On the basis of investigating the literature,the author has cleared up He Zhuo’s cri-tiques on Li Shangyin’s poems,and then has made a thorough research of them,in order to explore He Zhuo’s interpretations of the theme of Jin Se and their evolvement and trace back the origin of the notion of self-wounding.From the notion of mourning to the notion of self-wounding,from Ji Se to all the poetry of Li Shang Yin,Zhe Zhuo formed the critical discourse system of self-wounding,based on his experience of real life combined with his careful and scientific way of literature textual criticism.