我国油气管道建设运行管理技术及发展展望

Construction and operation management technology and prospect of oil and gas pipelines in China

我国油气管道历史,最早可以追溯到公元前200多年秦汉时期,但近代中国的管道工业显著落后于工业发达国家。新中国成立后,一些大型油气田开发带动了管道工业发展,2011年,西气东输二线建成投产,标志着我国管道建设技术达到国际领先水平。近年来,我国在易凝高黏原油输送、高压输气管道断裂控制、管道工程建设、管道完整性管理及大型管网集中调控等方面进步显著。陆上油气管道已成为我国最为现实、可靠、重要的能源战略通道,安全高效是油气管道永恒的主题,管道建设运行管理面临诸多挑战,相关技术尚有很大的提升空间。为了发挥管道独特的安全、经济、环保优势,未来我国油气管道发展面临如下重大课题:重质原油输送、天然气高效输送、X90/X100高钢级钢管应用、机械化施工、管道安全防护、管网可靠性管理和管理信息化。

The history of oil and gas pipelines in China can be traced back to Qin and Han Dynasties 200 years BC. However, the pipeline industry in modern China was significantly lagging behind the industrially-developed countries. After the founding of New China, the development of some large oil/gas fields has driven the evolution of pipeline industry. In 2011, the 2nd West-to-East Gas Pipeline was completed and put into operation, demonstrating that China＇s pipeline construction technology has reached the international advanced level. In recent years, significant progresses were made in transportation of high-pour-point and viscous crude oil, fracture control of high-pressure gas pipeline, pipeline engineering construction, pipeline integrity management, and centralized regulation of large pipeline network. Onshore oil and gas pipelines have become China＇s most practical, reliable and important strategic energy channels. Safety and efficiency are the eternal targets of oil and gas pipelines. Pipeline construction and operation management also face many challenges, and many related technologies are to be improved. In order to take the unique advantages of pipeline in safety, economics and environmental protection, the oil and gas pipelines in China should be further upgraded in following aspects： transportation of heavy crude oil, efficient delivery of natural gas, application of high grade（X90/X100） steel pipes, mechanized construction, pipeline security, pipeline network reliability management and management informatization.