静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展

Study on Preparation of the Nanofibers by Electrospinning

纳米纤维具有直径小、比表面积大和易于实现表面功能化等优点,受到了广泛的关注,而静电纺丝技术被认为是制备聚合物纳米纤维最简单有效的方法,因此国内外学者对静电纺丝技术进行了详细的研究。简单介绍了静电纺丝技术的工作原理,详细阐述了影响静电纺丝的主要工艺参数,包括溶剂、溶液的浓度及黏度、电导率、工作电压、纺丝速度和接收距离等,并叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、传感器和生物医学等方面的应用,也指出了该技术存在的一些问题及其应对措施。

Due to tiny diameter, big specific surface area, and the ability to achieve surface functionalization easily, nanofibers are attracting great attention, and electrospinning technology is considered to be the most simplest and effective way to prepare polymer nanofibers, many researchers at home and abroad have studied the electrospinning technology in detail. In this paper, the working principle of electrospinning was introduced briefly, and influential factors on the electrospinning process were analyzed, such as solvent, consistency and viscosity, conductance, applied voltage, flow rate and distence between the gaps. In addition, application of electrospun nanofibers in the fields of filter media material, sensors and biomedical engineering was described, and some problems of this technique were pointed out as well as countermeasures.