批判与救赎:卢卡奇的小说诗学

Critique and Salvation:Lukacs' Novel Poetics

卢卡奇的《小说理论》并不是纯粹的关于小说的形式理论,而是以怀旧为幌子,对资本主义进行批判,并移用小说形式进行救赎的文化批判之著,由此形成了他特殊的小说诗学。在怀旧的基础上,卢卡奇从为什么"是"小说和小说为什么"能"两个维度对小说的形式救赎作了纵深阐述,体现出先否定批判,再总体建构的两步走战略。相较阿多诺的非同一性批判,无疑两步走的战略更具深刻性和建设性。但它也有两个明显的悖论,一是排斥却使用理性,二是"退化中含有进化"的历史观。

The Theory of Novel by Lukacs is not an important work of pure novel,but a cultural criticism.In this book,Lukacs criticized the alienation of capitalist society. As a response to this,he also shift novel form for salvation under the guise of romantic nostalgia.It also reflects a two-step strategy. first to make a criticism, and then to construct the totality,which compared to Adorno＇s non-identity critique, is undoubtedly more profound and constructive.However, there are two obvious paradoxes in his discourse.one is in the rational understanding, the other is in the understanding of history.