语言磨蚀假说综述

A Review of Language Attrition Hypotheses

关于语言磨蚀的回归假说认为,先习得的知识后磨蚀;倒置假说认为,习得最好的知识后磨蚀;门槛假说认为,超越了关键门槛的知识不易磨蚀;干扰假说认为,某一语言的磨蚀主要源于另一居于优势地位的语言与其争夺认知资源;标记性假说认为,标记性语言知识更易受磨蚀;语言休眠假说认为,所谓磨蚀并非遗忘,而是被隐藏在习得者的大脑中,处于休眠状态。这些假说既从不同的角度揭示了语言磨蚀的部分本质属性,同时也有顾此失彼不完善之嫌。

The regression hypothesis advocates that the first acquired linguistic knowledge is retained last. The inverse hypothesis argues that the best learned knowledge is kept best. The threshold hypothesis supports that the knowledge above the threshold is resistant to attrition. The interference hypothesis maintains that attrition of a less priviledged language is caused by competition for cognitive resources with a dominant langauge. The markedness hypothesis contends that the marked linguistic knowledge is less immune to attrition. The dormant language hypothesis claims that the attrited language is not forgotten but hidden in a dormant state in the acquirer＇ s brain. All these hypotheses, from different angles, have revealed part of the nature of language attrition, but at the same time have left other parts of the nature untouched.