溶剂萃取法回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中的RDX和铝粉

Recovery of RDX and Al Powder in Discarded or Obsolete TNT/RDX/Al Explosive by Solvent Extraction

利用混合炸药中TNT和RDX在溶剂中溶解度的差异,首先用甲苯萃取出梯黑铝炸药中的TNT,然后分别以丙酮和二甲基亚砜为溶剂,经萃取、冷却结晶,过滤得到RDX。用SEM和DSC对回收RDX进行形貌表征和热分析,用XRD对回收铝粉进行物相分析。结果表明,丙酮和二甲基亚砜中重结晶回收RDX的纯度分别为98.4%和97.8%,撞击感度分别为76%和84%,丙酮重结晶回收RDX晶体质量优于二甲基亚砜重结晶回收的RDX。回收RDX与原料RDX的特征温度基本相同,热安定性良好;回收的铝粉不含炸药,无明显氧化。

According to different solubility of TNT and RDX in solvent in the mixed explosive,TNT in discarded or obsolete TNT/RDX/Al explosive was extracted first with toluene as solvent and then acetone and DMSO were chosen as the extraction solvents of RDX,and RDX was obtained by filtration through cooling and crystallizing the RDX solution.The morphology characteristics and thermal analysis of reclaimed RDX were performed by SEM and DSC.Phase analysis of reclaimed Al powder was carried out by XRD.The results show that the purities of RDX recrystalized from acetone and DMSO are 98.4%and 97.8%,respectively.The crystal quality of RDX recrystalized from acetone is better than that of RDX recrystalized from DMSO.The impact sensitivities of RDX recrystalized from acetone and DMSO are 76% and 84%,respectively.The characteristic temperatures of raw material RDX and reclaimed RDX were basically the same and the thermal stability of reclaimed RDX is good.Reclaimed Al powder does not contain explosives and has no obvious oxidation.