湖沼型血吸虫病流行区实施以机代牛和封洲禁牧措施效果

Schistosomiasis control effect of measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding depasturage of livestock on marshlands in marshland and lake regions

目的分析以机代牛和封洲禁牧措施在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区的防治效果。方法选择实施以机代牛措施为主的湖北省江陵县和公安县、实施封洲禁牧措施为主的湖南省沅江市和华容县,采用回顾性调查和现场调查方法,对2007-2013年人群、耕牛、野粪和钉螺感染血吸虫情况进行分析,比较措施实施前后的防治效果。结果湖北省6个行政村实施以机代牛为主措施,湖南省7个行政村实施封洲禁牧为主措施。2007-2013年调查村人群血吸虫感染率呈整体下降趋势,从3.95%下降至0.69%,下降了82.53%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=128.376,P<0.05);以机代牛和封洲禁牧2组村人群血吸虫感染率下降幅度分别为83.08%和81.62%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.132,P>0.05)。耕牛血吸虫感染率从3.66%降至0.65%,下降了82.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.692,P<0.05)。2013年13个村有螺环境野粪调查157.44 hm2,检获野粪625份,均为牛粪,平均密度为3.97份/hm2,血吸虫卵阳性7份,阳性率为1.12%。2007年后,13个村钉螺血吸虫感染率和感染性钉螺密度均逐步下降,2011-2013年均未查到感染性钉螺。结论湖沼型血吸虫病流行区实施以机代牛和封洲禁牧措施控制血吸虫病效果明显。

Objective To evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding depasturage of livestock on marshlands in marshland and lake regions. Methods The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the Jiangling and Gongan counties of Hubei Province where were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation, and Yuanjiang and Huarong counties of Hunan Province where were implemented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. The schistosome infection status of hu- man, cattle, and Oncomelania hupensis snails, and schistosome-infested field excreta were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. The effects of the interventions were compared before and after their implementations. Results The 6 villages of Hubei Province were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation, and 7 villages of Hunan Province were implemented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. From 2007 to 2013, the schistosome infection rates of residents declined from 3.95% to 0.70% （ X^2 = 128.376, P〈 0.05）, with the descend range of 82.53%. The descend ranges of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands were 83.081% and 81.62% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two measures （X^2 = 0.132, P 〉 0.05）. The infection rate of cattle decreased from 3.66% in 2007 to 0.65% in 2013, and the descend range was 82.24% （ X^2 = 13.692, P 〈 0.05）. The field excreta was surveyed in the snail breeding place in 2013. The investigated area was 157.435 hm^2, and 625 samples of field feces of cattle were collected with the density of field excreta of 3.97/hm^2, and the positive rate was 1.12% （7/625）. The schistosome infection rate of snails and the density of infected snails decreased successively from 2007, and no infected snails were detected from 2011 to 2013. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic situation are decreased significantly after the interventions of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. Therefore, schistosomiasis control effect of these measures is notable in the marshland and lake regions.