民族地区农民专业合作社发展初探——以黔东南州为例

Initial Exploration on the Development of a Farmer's Specialized Cooperative in the Minority Concentrated Region——Exampling the case in Qian( Brief name of Guizhou) Southeast Prefecture

贵州黔东南州农民专业合作社发展非常迅速,其民族特色非常鲜明,一般采取"合作社+农户"的运营模式,同时聚集了大批的专业技术人才。通过对黔东南州农民专业合作社的调查,我们发现,这些农民合作社在发扬少数民族非物质文化遗产、推动民族产品产业化经营、实现民族产品标准化生产、提高民族产品的竞争力、提高农民收入的同时,也存在着一些问题,如合作社规模偏小、经济效益不明显、内部制度不健全、合作社之间缺乏交流合作、政府政策扶持力度较弱、融资存在困难、民族产品知识产权保护力度不足、权利主体法律意识薄弱、相关认证资质申请困难,等等。促进民族地区农民专业合作社发展的建议主要包括地方政府多途径、多方式对农民合作社展开扶助,加大财税金融的扶持力度,建立扶持基金,规范农民专业合作社的内部管理机制,推广建立合作联社,并落实相关政策,同时帮助农民合作社建立知识产权体系。

The Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative in the Qian Southeast Prefecture develops quickly,its minority characteristics are quite apparent. Generally,it applies the operational mode of ＂Cooperative ＋ farmer＇s family＂,in addition,gathering a large batch of specialized technical talents. By the investigation on such Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative in the Qian Southeast Prefecture,we found that,these Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperatives have the following defects at the same time of carrying forward the intangible cultural heritage of the ethnic minority,promoting the industrialization of minority products,realizing the standardized production of minority products,increasing the competition force of minority products and farmer＇s income： too small scale,unapparent economic benefit,imperfect internal system,mutually lacking communication cooperation,weak governmental policy support,difficult financing,insufficient IPR protection for minority product,weak law sense of subject of right,difficult application for relevant certification qualification,etc. The main suggestions for promoting the development of a Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative in a Minority Concentrated Region are shown as follows： supporting a Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative in many paths and ways by a local government; strengthening the support on the aspects of finance and tax; establishing support funds; standardizing the internal management system of a Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative; popularizing the establishment of an combined cooperative and substantiating relevant policies; in addition,assisting a Farmer＇s Specialized Cooperative to establish the IPR system.