中国现代文学传统视阈下的鲁迅、沈从文生命观考察

An Investigation of Lu Xun's and Shen Congwen's Outlook on Life:From the Perspective of Modern Chinese Literary Traditions

鲁迅、沈从文作为两代现代作家之代表,他们在文学书写中所表现出的生命价值取向与生命观照方式具有某种"共名"的一致性,体现出中国现代文学传统生命观的重要内涵。他们的生命观吸取了传统儒家生命观与现代个性主义生命观中生命要有所作为的积极因素,扬弃了儒家生命观为"仁义"的绝对价值理念与个性主义生命观中极端"为我"的狭隘性,不惜以"死"为最坏的结局,义无反顾地进行生命"实验"。两者"有所为"的生命价值取向、关于生命有限性的深刻认知、自我道德的探寻与确证等生命观,彰显了中国现代文学传统对生命价值不懈追求的执着精神及这种精神薪火相传的现实意义。

When it comes to their life value orientations and outlooks on life in their literary works,Lu Xun and Shen Congwen,the representatives of two generations of Modern Chinese Literature,are somewhat uniform with regard to the themes of the times.The works of both writers reflect the profound connotations of the traditional outlook on life in Modern Chinese Literature.Their life ideas have absorbed the positive factors of“have something meaningful to accomplish”in both the traditional Confucian outlook on life and modern individualistic outlook on life,sublated the idea of the absolute values of“仁义” or“benevolence and righteousness”in the traditional Confucian life and the narrowness of the extremist view of“for me”in the modern individualistic life,which favors the“experiment”of life without hesitation,even at the cost of their life.Both Lu’s and Shen’s literary works highlight the relentless pursuit of life value in the traditions of Modern Chinese Literature in their life value orientations,their in-depth cog-nition of life limitation,as well as their explorations of personal morals and confirmation.