美国有线电视管制研究

A Review on the American CATV Regulation

美国有线电视发展的过程,是与其他媒介产业尤其是已经发展到一定规模的公共广播电台、电视台共同竞争、共同瓜分受众和市场的过程。在这个过程中,美国有线电视经历了从无到有、从弱到强,直至形成规模产业的过程。在这个过程中,作为政府特设管理机构的美国联邦通讯委员会,立足于美国有线电视的实情及其与其他媒介产业的关联度,在认真衡量与其他媒体产业共同构成的产业格局的前提下,利用积极透明的政策和有符合市场和产业发展规律的法律、法规,对其进行管制。而法院对有线电视案件进行审理的过程中,也认识到了这种新兴产业对既有产业的冲击和挑战,通过积极能动的司法,既有效地防止了政府管制有线电视权力的滥用,又进一步促进和保护了宪法第一修正案所保护的有线电视享有的新闻自由。

The quick development of the U.S. Cable Television has witnessed a long process of competition and re-dividing the audiences and market with the other medium industries that have already been in their mature stage. In this process, the American Cable Television has experienced starting from scratch, becoming the strong from the weak and finally forming a scale industry. Based on the truth of American cable TV and its correlation with other media industry and after carefully weighing the industry pattern formed between it and other media industry and making use of the positive and transparent policies, laws and regulations conforming to the law of development of market and industry, FCC, the special government agency, has successfully conducted the surveillance to it. Meanwhile, in the process of case hearing concerning the cable TV, the court has keenly recognized this emerging industry’s impact on the industry and challenges. Through the active exercise of the judiciary power, the court has effectively prevented the abuse of the government authority on the one hand, promoted and protected the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press which has already been prescribed by the First Amendment on the other hand.