不同畦沟深度对辣椒反季节栽培时土壤温度、水分和辣椒生长的影响

Impact of furrow depths on soil temperature,moisture and growth of anti-seasonal pepper

为了明确大棚辣椒反季节栽培时畦沟深浅对辣椒生长和产量的影响,在大棚内以畦沟深5 cm、20 cm、35 cm不同处理进行整地做畦,研究了不同畦沟深度对辣椒反季节栽培时土壤温度、水分及辣椒生长、光合参数和产量的影响。结果表明,畦沟深35 cm的处理同畦沟深20 cm、5 cm的处理相比,土壤温度最高,土壤含水量最小;畦沟深35 cm处理的辣椒株高显著高于其他两个处理;各处理辣椒植株的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和叶绿素含量等光合指标均以畦沟深35 cm处理的最高,畦沟深5 cm处理的最低,其中气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等指标3个处理间存在显著差异,净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和叶绿素含量等指标,畦沟深35 cm处理与畦沟深5 cm处理相比,存在显著差异;畦沟深35 cm的处理产量比畦沟深20 cm、5 cm的处理分别增加4.32%和19.57%。说明大棚辣椒反季节栽培时采用深沟高畦进行整地做畦,可以提高土温,降低土壤湿度,促进植株生长,提高植物的光合作用,增加产量。

The impacts of furrow depths of 5 cm,20 cm,35 cm on soil temperature,soil moisture,and pepper growth and yield parameters（e.g.photosynthesis and yield） were studied.Compared with the furrow depths of 5 and 20 cm,depth of 35 cm showed the highest soil temperature and the lowest soil water content.Pepper plant in 35-cm furrow depth treatment grew taller than those in other two treatments.Peppers in 35-cm furrow depth treatment outperformed other two treatments in photosynthesis efficiency（Pn）,stomata conductance（Gs）,transpiration rate（Tr）,intercellular CO2concentration（Ci）,and chlorophyll content,among which,Gsand Trwere significantly higher,and Pn,Ciand chlorophyll content were significantly higher in the 35-cm furrow depth treatment than in 5-cm depth treatment.The pepper in of35-cm furrow depth treatment out yielded other two treatment by increased 4.32% and 19.57%,respectively.This study illustrate the necessity of deepening furrow for anti-seasonal pepper growth and yield in greenhouse.