论手部动作范畴向心理范畴的演变

The Evolvement From Hand Action Scope to Mental Scope

从手部动作范畴到心理范畴的演变是人类认知思维的典型体现,涉及这一演变的词非常多。演变方式主要有三种:隐喻、转喻、语义沾染,其中以隐喻最为常见。人们习惯于用身边具体的事物来比照心理情绪等抽象之物,进而用具体的动作动词去操控它们,其结果就是手部动词衍生出心理义。有时人们以显著的外部动作来转指心理状态、性格等,这样部分手部动词就获得了心理义。

The evolvement from hand action scope to mental scope is the typical embodiment of the human cognitive thinking, involving many words. The three ways of evolvement are ： metaphor, metonymy, semantic contamination, of which metaphor is the most common. People are used to use the specific things around them to contrast mentality and emotion and other abstract concepts. The resuh is that the gestures derive abstract meanings. Sometimes people transfer prominent external actions to refer to psychological states and dispositions, so as to give some gestures psychological meanings.