川藏黑猪与三元杂交猪生产性能、胴体品质及肉质性状的比较研究

Comparative study on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in Chuanzang black pigs and DLY pigs

试验选用平均体重为20 kg左右的川藏黑猪商品猪和杜×长×大外三元杂交猪各24头,研究其在生长育肥阶段的生产性能、胴体品质和肉质性状上的差异。试验按猪种分为2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,每个重复一个圈。试验分为生长和育肥两个阶段,饲喂相应日粮。试验结果经统计分析表明:川藏黑猪试验全期的平均日采食量和日增重明显低于外三元猪(P<0.05),在料肉比上与对照组差异不显著,单位增重成本上基本持平;在屠宰率、屠体斜长、胴体瘦肉率等胴体性状上差异极显著(P<0.01),平均背膘厚与对照组相比较差异显著(P<0.05),在眼肌面积和腿臀比例上差异不显著;在滴水损失、p H45 min和肌内脂肪等肉质性状上差异明显(P<0.05),肌内脂肪差异显著(P=0.01)。结果提示,川藏黑猪在生产性能和胴体品质方面不及杜×长×大外三元杂交猪,在肉质性状方面优于杜×长×大外三元杂交猪。

24 Chuanzang black pigs and 24 Duroc × Landrace× Yorkshire pigs with an average body weight of 20 kg were used in this study to determine the difference of growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality between the two breeds of the pigs. All the pigs were randomly assigned to 2 treatments depended on breed with 4 replicates each and 6 pigs in each replicate. This study was divided into two phases which was growing phase and fattening phase, each phase had a corresponding ration. The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of Chuanzang black pigs in full phase was lower（P〈0.05） compared with the DLY pigs, different treatment had no significant effect on feed conversion rate and gain cost and had significant effect on average dressing percentage（P〈0.05）; on the index of carcass traits, different treatment had extremely significant effect on carcass oblique length, and carcass lean percentage（P〈0.01） while average backfat thickness showed significant effect（P〈0.05）, there was no significant effect on lion muscle area and ham percent（P〈0.05）; on the index of meat quali- ty, different treatment had a significant effect on drop loss, pH45min（P〈0.05） and intramuscular fat content （P=0.01）. Growth performance and carcass traits of Chuanzang black pigs was little lower than the crossbred pigs, meat quality of Chuanzang black pigs was superior to the cross-bred pigs.