滇西北高原未干扰湖滨湿地小气候特征

Microclimate characteristics of lakeside undisturbed wetlands in northwest plateau of Yunnan province

为了解滇西北高原未干扰湖泊湿地小气候特征，选取香格里拉县普达措国家公园内碧塔海湖滨草甸为研究对象，采取实地设点定期观测，并利用毗邻设置的自动气象站数据对比订正插值，然后进行统计分析。结果表明：湖滨草甸上气温年较差小，日较差大，日均值随季节有明显变化，具有显著的高原气候特征；气温日均值在水平方向上有随距湖边距离增加先升后降的现象，绝对湿度日均值变化情况则相反，草甸周边森林植被和湖泊水体均有降温增湿的同向影响；在地表上20～150cm高度层内气温和绝对湿度日均值垂直变化不明显，可能受制于过饱和含水下垫面及多风环境；与邻近香格里拉基准气象站对比，碧塔海湖滨湿地具有很明显的冷湿效应。

To research the microclimate characteristics over the undisturbed lakeside wetlands in the northwest plateau of Yunnan province, the Bitahai lake, located in Pudacuo National Park was taken as studied object. The climatic elements data of the wetlands were got from the field observation in the sunny days of January, March, July and October during in 2010～1012 and the supplemented interpolations by comparing with the data from an automatic weather station nearby. The statistical results show that the lakeside wetlands typifies the plateau climate （low annual range of temperature but high variation of daily temperature）, and the daily mean values of daily temperature had obvious changes between the seasons; the daily mean values of temperature increased first and then decreased with the increase of the distance from the lakeside while the daily mean values of absolute humidity had an opposite variation, which indicate that the vegetation around the wetlands and the lake water body had the homodromous influence （decreasing the temperature and increasing the humidity）; the daily mean values of air temperature and absolute humidity varied slightly in vertical within 20-150 cm above the ground which is mainly subject to the supersaturated hydrous underlying surface and windy environment; TheBitahai lakeside wetlands has the notable cold-humid ecological effect in contrast to the climatic elements in the Xiangri-La weather station.