赣江中下游近60年水沙时空分布特征

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Discharge in Middle and Lower Reaches of Ganjiang River in Recent 60 Years

基于赣江中下游4个代表水文站（吉安站、峡江站、樟树站、外洲站）60多年的水沙时间序列资料,分析了赣江中下游水沙时空分布特征,探讨了水库滞沙、人为采砂、水土保持等人类活动对径流、输沙特性的影响。结果表明：年径流量整体上呈微弱增加趋势,受万安水库运行的影响,1990年以后汛期径流量集中程度微弱降低;各站年输沙量在20世纪50~80年代没有明显变化趋势,进入90年代以后整体上呈逐渐降低趋势,1990年汛期输沙量降幅最为明显,各测站下降幅度大小与水文测站距水库的远近有关;降雨量是影响年径流量的主要因素,水土保持和水库滞沙是年输沙量急剧下降的主要因素,而万安水库的蓄水拦沙作用和人为采砂是影响近期水沙条件的主要因素。

Based on runoff and sediment series data of nearly 60 years from 4 representative stations of Ji-an, Xiajiang, Zhangshu and Waizhou in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of runoff and sediment discharge. The results show that the annual runoff in the middle and lower reaches indicates a weak increase tendency. Affected by the Wanan Reservoir operation, the concentration degree of flood season runoff had a slight decrease after 1990; There were no obvious change of the annual sediment discharge at the various stations from 1950 s to 1980 s,while there has been an obvious decline trend since 1990 s, and there is correlation between the decline scale and distance from the reservoir for the various stations.