精神科住院患者主要照顾者对患者出院后健康管理的需求

Health management demands of primary caregivers of psychiatric inpatients after discharge

目的了解精神科住院患者主要照顾者对患者出院后健康管理的需求及相关意愿，为开展患者出院后的健康管理提供参考依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷，对精神科即将出院的182名患者的主要照顾者发放问卷进行调查。结果96．15％的照顾者有对患者出院后开展健康管理的需求。在管理内容需求方面，得分最高的为预防复发相关知识（4．75±0．23）分，得分最低的为职业技能训练（2．74±0．47）分。调查对象对患者出院后健康管理的方式需求量最高的是电话随访，需求人数158人（86．81％），其次为医护人员上门指导，需求人数139人（76．37％）。在管理频次上，电话随访与手机短信以选择半月1次者居多，在选择医护人员上门指导者中，超过一半者选择2个月1次；而在选择指定医护专家咨询者中则以每月1次者最多；在管理期限方面，以选择患者出院3个月至半年者占大多数。结论主要照顾者对患者出院后健康管理的需求非常强烈。医院应根据患者主要照顾者的需求及意愿建立合理的患者出院后的健康管理服务体系，并有针对性地开展内容丰富、形式多样、次数具体的健康管理服务，充分发挥照顾者在疾病康复中的积极作用，改善患者的家庭功能，促进患者社会功能的恢复。降低疾病的复发率、致残率。

Objective To investigate the demand of health management of psychiatric patients primary earegivers after discharge, and to provide references for the health management of patients after discharge. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used. One hundred and eighty two primary caregivers of patients to be discharged in psychiatric department were enrolled. Results 96.15% of caregivers had demands of health management for patients after discharge. In the content of management, the highest score was relapse prevention related knowledge （4.75±0.23 ）, the lowest score was the vocational skills training （2.74±0.47）. The highest demand of health management mode of patients after discharge from hospital was telephone follow-up, totally 158 caregivers （86.81%）, followed by medieal personnel on-site guidance, totally 139 earegivers （76.37%）. In the management of frequency, most of the caregivers selected telephone and SMS follow-up once per half a month, or medical personnel on-site guidance once per two months; or designated medical expert consultants once per month. In the management period, 3 to 6 months after discharge was the mainly choice. Conclusions The main caregivers of patients after discharge from hospital has strong demand of health management. The hospital should establish reasonable health management service system according to the needs and wishes of patients, and carry out targeted content rich, diverse forms, a specific number of health management services, to improve the patient＇s family function, promote the recovery of social function of patients, to reduce the relapse rate and disabled rate.