妇科门诊无痛人工流产危险因素及治疗措施分析

Analysis on risk factors and therapeutic measures of painless artificial abortion in gynecological outpatient

目的：研究妇科门诊无痛人工流产患者的心理特征并分析危险因素及防治措施。方法：选取2009年11月~2012年11月实施无痛人工流产的320例患者为无痛组和实施传统人工流产的258例患者为常规组,全部患者在术前统一填写调查问卷﹑SCL症状自测表和社会支持评定量表,整理收集所得资料并进行多元逐步回归线性分析。结果：无痛组SCL总分﹑焦虑因子得分﹑抑郁因子得分和强迫因子得分低于常规组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;无痛组恐惧因子得分显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;无痛组躯体因子得分﹑抑郁因子得分﹑焦虑因子得分和SCL总分均显著高于国内常模,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;运用多元逐步回归线性方程分析无痛组患者SCL和相关因素之间的关系,结果提示社会支持、生育情况及婚姻状况是影响无痛组患者的主要因素。结论：实施无痛人工流产的患者可出现焦虑以及抑郁等心理问题,同未婚未育以及缺乏社会支持密切相关。应对女性普及有针对性的生殖健康知识,采取有效的避孕措施,从而减少出现非意愿妊娠的几率,切实保护育龄期妇女的身心健康。

Objective： To research the psychological characteristics of patients undergoing painless artificial abortion in gynecologi- cal outpatient and analyze the risk factors and preventive measures. Methods： A total of 320 patients undergoing painless artificial abortion from November 2009 to November 2012 were selected as painless group, 258 patients undergoing traditional artificial abortion were selected as traditional group; all the patients in the two groups were asked to finish a questionnaire, SCL scale and Social Support Rating Scale before abortion ; the data were arranged and collected, and then multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed. Results： The total score of SCL scale, anxiety factor score, depression factor score and forcing factor score in painless group were lower than those in traditional group, but there was no statistically significant difference （P 〉 0. 05 ） ; fear factor score in painless group was statistically significantly lower than that in traditional group （P 〈 0. 05） ; somatization factor score, depression factor score, anxiety factor score and the total score of SCL scale in painless group were statistically significantly higher than those in traditional group （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, fertility and marital status were main influencing factors of patients undergoing painless artificial abortion. Con- clusion： Anxiety and depression may occur in patients undergoing painless artificial abortion, which is closely correlated with unmarried women, infertile women and lack of social support. Popularizing reproductive health knowledge for women and taking effective contraceptive measures can reduce the incidence rate of unwanted pregnancy and practically protect physical and psychological health of women of child- bearing age.