叶面喷施氮肥对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响

Effect of Foliar Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield of Spinach and Content of Nitrate

以春菠菜为试材,研究了叶面喷施氮肥对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明：不同处理间菠菜产量为27 714.3-53 714.3kg/hm^2,且叶面喷施氮肥均能显著提高菠菜的产量;菠菜体内硝酸盐平均含量为118.83-450.63mg/kg,随氮肥喷施次数的增加硝酸盐含量迅速增加,越是到菠菜生长后期喷施氮肥,菠菜体内硝酸盐积累越多,处理6（6-7片真叶与9-10片真叶时各喷1次氮肥）接近国内硝酸盐含量分级评价标准,处理7（3个阶段各喷施1次氮肥）硝酸盐含量已超标,其余处理硝酸盐含量均属于正常。综合菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量,处理4（在3-4片真叶和6-7片真叶时各喷施1次氮肥）的施肥方式最佳,可在生产中推广应用。

Taking spring spinach as experimental material, the effect of foliar nitrogen fertilizer on yield of spinach and content of nitrate were studied. The results showed that yield of spinach was between 27 714. 3 kg/hm2 and 53 714. 3 kg/hm2 among the different treatments, spraying nitrogenous fertilizer on foliar could all increase the yield of spinach significantly;the average content of nitrate of spinach was between 118. 83 mg/kg and 450. 63 mg/kg, and with the more the nitrogen application, the more the content of nitrate, and at the later term of the growth of spinach, spraying nitrogenous fertilizer causes the accumulation of nitrate spinach. Treatment 6（spraying nitrogenous fertilize at the 6--7 leaves and 9--10 leaves only once respectively） was nearly to the classification and rating criteria of domestic nitrate,and the content of nitrate in treatment 7 （spraying nitrogenous fertilize at the three stages respectively） had exceed the standard, the left treatments are all normal. Comprehensively, treatment 4（spraying nitrogenous fertilize at the 3--4 leaves and 6--7 leaves only once） was the best fertilizer way by the yield and nitrate content of spinach,and it could be applied in production.