桂林市育龄女性对出生缺陷认知及影响因素调查

Investigation on cognition of women of childbearing age to birth defects and the influencing factors in Guilin

目的:了解广西壮族自治区桂林市婚龄育龄女性对于出生缺陷相关知识的认知及对生育观的需求,为优生优育工作提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法对婚龄育龄女性以面对面访谈的方式进行问卷调查,共发放调查问卷400份,收回353份,有效问卷317份。结果:在被调查的317例育龄女性中达标(以全部答对"出生缺陷"版块的相关知识的60%定为相关知识达标)的人数为148名,仅占总体的46.69%。已孕女性与未孕女性对孕期易致畸的最重要时期、开始补充营养素的最佳时间的知晓情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);已孕女性与未孕女性对知晓孕前服用叶酸或叶酸复合营养素有利于预防神经管发育畸形的作用比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);影响育龄女性对出生缺陷认知的因素有育龄女性已孕与否、健康教育与文化程度。结论:桂林市育龄女性对出生缺陷知识有一定的了解但不全面,建议相关部门应结合本地区的实际情况有针对性地开展宣传教育活动,加强对育龄女性进行关于出生缺陷知识的相关教育。

Objective： To understand the cognition of women of childbearing age to related knowledge of birth defects and require- ments of birth concept in Guilin, provide a scientific basis for eugeneties. Methods： A cluster random sampling method was used to survey women of childbearing age in the form of face to face interview; a total of 400 questionnaires were issued, and 353 questionnaires were re- trieved, 317 questionnaires were valid. Results： Among 317 women of childbearing age, only 148 women reached the standard （answering 60% of related knowledge of birth defects correctly）, accounting for 46. 69%. There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates of the most important period of birth defects, the optimal time of supplementing nutrients and the preventive effect of folic acid or folic acid complex nutrients before pregnancy on neural tube defect between pregnant women and unpregnant women （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the influencing factors of cognition of women of childbearing age to birth defects included pregnancy or not, health education and educational level. Conclusion： Women of childbearing age in Guilin have a certain understanding of related knowledge of birth defects but not comprehensive, it is suggested that the relevant departments should conduct targeted publicity and education combining with local conditions and enhance the rele- vant education on birth defects for women of childbearing age.