雌性大鼠缺铁性贫血模型的建立及相关指标观察研究

Establishment of female rat model of iron deficiency anemia and observation and study on related indexes

目的:建立缺铁性贫血动物模型并观察动物的一般情况及各项贫血相关指标的变化,为分析孕期缺铁对胎儿健康的影响提供理论依据。方法:选取雌性Wistar大鼠32只,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各16只,置于不锈钢鼠笼喂养。对照组以含铁元素216.0 mg/kg的普通饲料喂养;实验组以含铁元素10.0 mg/kg的低铁饲料喂养。两组均自由采食,饮用去离子水。每周定期采血1次,测定血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、红细胞比容(PCV)、红细胞平均容积(MCV)和红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH);实验结束后检测血浆和肝脏组织中的铁蛋白(Fn)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平。结果:实验组大鼠的一般体态发生明显变化,表现为毛皮发黄、粗糙、趾腹发白、运动迟缓和体重增加缓慢。1个月后,实验组Hb、PCV、MCV、MCH水平均明显低于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)、血浆和肝脏组织匀浆EPO水平均显著增加,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组大鼠血浆Fn和IGF-1水平均降低,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:雌性大鼠以低铁饲料喂养可以成功建立缺铁性贫血的动物模型,其相关指标都有明显变化,为分析孕期缺铁对胎儿健康的影响提供理论依据。

Objective： To establish an animal model of iron deficiency anemia and observe general condition of these animals and changes of anemia- related indexes, provide a scientific basis for analyzing the effect of iron deficiency during pregnancy on fetal health. Methods： Thirty- two female Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group, 16 rats in each group; all the rats were fed in stainless steel cages. The rats in control group were fed with normal diet （iron content： 216. 0 mg/kg） ; the rats in experimental group were fed with low iron diet （iron content： 10. 0 mg/kg） . Deionized water was supplied in the two groups. The blood specimens were collected once a week to detect hemoglobin （Hb） concentration, hematocrit （ PCV）, mean corpuscular volume （MCV） and mean cell hemoglobin （MCH） . After the end of this experiment, the levels of ferritin （Fn）, insulin- like growth factor- 1 （ IGF - 1 ） and erythropoietin （EPO） in plasma and liver tissue were detected. Results ： The general physical appearance of rats in experi- mental group changed significantly, the manifestations included yellow fur, rough, white toe belly, bradykinesia and slow weight gain. A month later, the levels of Hb, PCV, MCV and MCH in experimental group were statistically significantly lower than those in control group （P 〈0. 05 ）; red blood cell volume distribution width （RDW） and EPO levels in plasma and liver homogenate increased, compared with control group, there were statistically significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; plasma Fn and IGF - 1 levels in experimental group decreased, compared with control group, there were statistically significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion ： Low iron diet for female rats can successfully establish animal model of iron deficiency anemia, the related indexes change significantly, which provide a scientific basis for analyzing the effect of iron deficiency during pregnancy on fetal health.