基于荚果厚度模拟评价黄淮夏大豆品种的鼓粒特性

Evaluation of seed-bulging characteristics of summer soybean lines in Huang-Huai Area based on pod thickness simulation

[目的]利用荚果厚度动态变化可以表征大豆鼓粒特性,本研究将评价不同大豆材料的鼓粒特性,并为筛选优良鼓粒特性材料和研究大豆高产机制提供借鉴。[方法]利用49个大豆材料进行花荚标记,定位连续测量荚果厚度,并利用二次函数(^y=^β0+^β1x+^β2x2)拟合各材料的荚果厚度(y,单位mm)与花后时间(x,单位d)的关系,据此预测各材料的鼓粒始期、终期和持续期,以及最大荚果厚度和荚果增厚速率,并对大豆品种进行聚类分析;同时利用实测数据对荚果的粒位效应进行了研究。[结果]二次函数有效拟合了荚果厚度(y)与花后时间(x)的关系(R2>0.98)。相关性状的变异系数从大到小为鼓粒持续期、荚果增厚速率、鼓粒始期、鼓粒终期、最大荚果厚度、盛花期。相关分析显示:大豆盛花时间与鼓粒特性相互独立,而5个鼓粒特性指标之间存在相互关联。49个大豆材料可以聚为10类,各类之间鼓粒特性差异明显。其中,荚果厚度较小的‘早熟66’和‘汾豆65’,以及荚果厚度较大的‘邯豆5号’‘中黄30’‘高豆1号’和‘中黄42’可在快速鼓粒新品系的选育中使用。荚果厚度和籽粒厚度都存在明显的粒位效应,粒位效应从大到小为中部粒位、远端粒位、基部粒位。[结论]荚果厚度可作为无损伤测定指标用于研究大豆籽粒的鼓粒规律及其变化,对不同大豆材料的鼓粒特性进行深入分析和评价。

[Objectives]The changes of pod thickness characterize the seed-filling process of soybean[Glycine max（ L.） Merri.]. The research aims to evaluate the seed-bulging characters of soybean materials,which will benefit to the selection of elite soybeans and the research on high-yielding mechanism. [Methods]Flowers of 49 soybean lines were labeled at the peak flowering stage,and pod thickness was measured continuously. The relationship between pod thickness（ y） and days after flowering（ x） was simulated with the quadratic function,^y = ^β0＋^β1x＋^β2x^2,which was used to estimate seed-bulging traits,including starting point of seed-bulging,final point of seed-bulging,duration of seed-bulging and maximum pod thickness and average rate of pod thickness. The soybean lines were grouped by cluster analysis and seed position effect was explored on the basis of observed values. [Results]The quadratic functions well simulated the relationship between pod thickness and days after flowering（ R^2〉 0.98）. Coefficient of variance ranked the seed-bulging related traits as duration of seed-bulging,average rate of pod thickness,starting point of seed-bulging,final point of seed-bulging,maximum pod thickness and peak flowering days after sowing in a descending order. The correlation analysis indicated that soybean peak flowering days after sowing and seed-bulging traits were independent,however,seed-bulging traits were correlated. Based on the principal component analysis,49 soybeans were clustered into 10 groups with differentiated characteristics of seed-bulging,in which,soybean lines,including‘Zaoshu 66＇and‘Fendou 65＇with less pod thickness,and‘Handou 5＇‘Zhonghuang 30＇‘Gaodou 1＇and‘Zhonghuang 42＇with bigger pod thickness,can be used for fast seed-filling soybean development. Seed position effect was detected in pod thickness and seed height,in the descending sequence of middle position,distal position and near to pod stalk within a pod.[Conclusions]Pod thickness is a preferable nondestructive index for the research of soybean seed-filling process,which can be used to evaluate seed-filling characteristics of different soybeans.