内蒙古伊金霍洛旗红海子湿地公园鸟类种类组成及生态分布

Bird diversity and ecological distribution in Honghaizi Wetland Park of Yijinhuoluo,Inner Mongolia

2012年10月—2013年9月,对红海子湿地公园鸟类资源进行调查。结果表明:共发现鸟类116种,隶属于16目36科,其中,夏候鸟49种,冬候鸟9种,留鸟24种,旅鸟34种;鸟类种类和数量有所增加;依据地形地貌和植被类型,在调查区选择了湿地、林地、草地和居民区4种生境,其中,湿地鸟类多样性指数(3.042)和均匀度指数(0.687)最高,居民区多样性指数(0.599)和均匀度指数(0.227)最低,优势度指数湿地最低(0.079),居民区最高(0.766),相似性指数林地和草地最高(0.667),湿地和居民区最低(0.204);本文对该湿地主要优势鸟种与环境的关系、湿地鸟类种类和数量较前几年增加的原因进行了分析,推测出水质变化可能是导致鸟类疾病发生和死亡的原因。

Species diversity and composition of bird community at Honghaizi Wetland Park in Yi- jinhuoluo were investigated from October 2012 to September 2013. In total, 116 bird species be- longing to 36 families and 16 orders were recorded. Forty-nine are summer visitors and 9 are win- ter visitors which represented 42.24% and 7.76% of whole species ; 34 are passage migrants and 24 are residents which represented 29.31% and 20.69% of total species, respectively. The habi- tats of birds were grouped into four types （wetland, woodland, grassland and residential area） according to topography and vegetation types in the survey area. The diversity index and evenness index of bird community were highest in the wetland （3.042 and 0.687, respectively） and lowest in the residential area （0.599 and 0.227, respectively）. The dominance index of bird community was lowest in the wetland （0.079） and highest in the residential area （0.766）. The similarity in- dex was highest between woodland and grassland （0.667） and lowest between wetland and resi- dential area （0.204）. This paper analyzed the relationship between the main dominant bird spe- cies and their habitat characteristics, explained the main reasons for the increased bird species number and individual quantity compared to previous years, and inferred that disease occurrence and mortality of birds could be caused by the worsening of water quality.