植物与植食性昆虫防御与反防御的三个层次

Three levels of defense and anti-defense responses between host plants and herbivorous insects

在植物与植食性昆虫长期的进化过程中,双方形成了一系列的防御与反防御策略。本文将这些策略归为3个层次:第一层次起始于植物对植食性昆虫相关分子模式的识别,并由此激活植食性昆虫分子模式相关的免疫反应。这种免疫反应对于不能产生效应子的植食性昆虫种群是有效的;第二层次是一些植食性昆虫种群可以通过释放特异性效应子抑制植物产生的植食性昆虫分子模式相关的免疫反应,从而在植物上正常生长与繁衍;第三层次是一些植物基因型可以通过特异抗性基因识别植食性昆虫的效应子,进而激活效应子诱导的免疫反应,表现出特异的抗虫性。深入揭示植物与植食性昆虫间的这种分子互作机制,不仅在理论上有助于理解昆虫与植物的协同进化机制,而且在实践上可为作物抗性品种的培育提供重要的技术指导。

In the long-term process of evolution, both host plants and herbivorous insects form a series of complex defense and anti-defense strategies. In this paper, these strategies are classified into three levels. First, host plants perceive herbivore-associated molecular patterns （HAMPs） and then lead to HAMP-triggered immunity （HTI）. This defense is effective against some popula- tions of the herbivore species that cannot secrete effectors. Second, some populations of the herbi- vore species secrete special effectors to suppress HTI in plants, thereby resulting in herbivore col- onization. Third, the effectors of certain populations of the herbivore species could be recognized by resistance genes of host plants, leading to effective effector-triggered immunity and resistance to the herbivore. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying molecular interactions between host plants and herbivores will not only deepen the understanding of the co-evolution between plants and herbivores, but also provide important technical guidance for the breeding of resistant crop cuhivars.