紫外辐射对水生生物的影响研究进展

Review of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic organisms

紫外辐射对陆生植物的生物学效应已被广泛研究,对水生生物也能产生一系列影响。本文在综述国内外紫外线在水体中渗透状况及影响因素的基础上,阐述了紫外辐射对浮游细菌和微型浮游生物、浮游植物、浮游动物、大型藻类、鱼卵和幼鱼、鱼类及两栖动物的生物学效应,从直接效应和间接效应两方面介绍了紫外辐射对水生生物作用的机理。未来研究应该注重紫外辐射与气候变化、酸沉降、水污染等环境因子联合作用对水生有机体产生影响,其研究对象应扩展至沉水植物、底栖生物等大部分水生有机体,这些研究将对深入研究水生生态系统的演化、水生生态系统退化及其修复起重要作用。

The biological effects of ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial plants have been studied ex- tensively. Ultraviolet radiation can also produce a series of negative effects on aquatic organisms. This review summarizes the situation of ultraviolet radiation penetration into the water column and the influencing factors, elaborates the biological effects of ultraviolet radiation on bacterioplank- ton, picoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroalgae, spawn and juvenile fish, and fish and amphibian, and introduces the biological mechanism of ultraviolet radiation on aquatic organ- isms from the direct and indirect effects. More research should be conducted on the interactive effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate change, acid deposition, water pollution and other en- vironmental factors on aquatic organisms. Its research objects should be extended to more aquatic organisms, such as submerged macrophytes and benthic organisms. These studies will contribute to understanding the evolution, degradation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems.