江苏沿海地区2005—2013年虫媒传染病流行特征

Epidemic characteristics of vector-borne diseases in coastal areas of Jiangsu province,2005-2013

目的了解近年来江苏沿海地区5种虫媒传染病的流行特征,为防治疾病提出建议和对策。方法采用SAS 9.3分析软件对2005—2013年江苏省疾病信息系统中监测病例数据作回顾性分析。结果江苏沿海地区5种虫媒传染病年均发病率从高到低依次为恙虫病(0.810/10万)、肾综合征出血热(HFRS)(0.727/10万)、疟疾(0.367/10万)、乙脑(0.051/10万)和登革热(0.002/10万);HFRS和恙虫病是沿海地区报告病例数最多的疾病,病例分别主要集中在苏北的连云港和盐城,HFRS呈秋冬季和春季2个发病高峰,恙虫病呈明显的秋冬季单峰分布。疟疾2011—2013年发病率高于全省平均水平,主要以输入性恶性疟疾病例为主,夏季病例最多;乙脑和登革热发病率一般较低,呈高度散发,乙脑病例多发生在夏季,登革热基本为输入性病例,全年均有发生可能。结论江苏沿海地区2010年前虫媒传染病总体年均发病率呈现波动式发展,但2011—2013年疫情有重新抬头的趋势,尤其是恙虫病、HFRS和疟疾发病率一直维持较高水平。

Objective To explore epidemic characteristics of vector-born diseases in coastal areas of Jiangsu prov- ince in recent years for making countermeasures to the diseases. Methods Epidemic monitoring data of vector-born dis- eases in coastal areas of Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2013 were collected retrospectively and analyzed by using SAS 9. 3 software. Results The average annual incidence rates of the five vector-born diseases ranked from high to low were scrub typhus（0. 810 per i00 000） ,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） （0. 727 per 100 000） ,malaria （ 0. 367 per 100 000 ）, epidemic encephalitis B （ 0. 051 per 100 000 ）, and dengue fever （ 0. 002 per 100 000 ）. The inci- dents of HFRS and scrub typhus, the most common vector-born diseases with highest number of reported cases, were mainly distributed in Lianyungang and Yancheng areas in north of Jiangsu province. More HFRS cases were reported in the time when autumn turning into winter or in the spring, while the incidence of scrub typhus showed an obvious uni- modal distribution in fall-winter season. The incidence of malaria was higher than the average level of whole province in recent three years and the cases were mainly imported falciparum malaria cases reported in the summer. The incidences of epidemic encephalitis B and dengue fever were low, mainly with sporadic cases in summer season. The most of the den- gue fever cases of were imported cases which occurred throughout the year. Conclusion The overall annual incidence of vector-born diseases in the coastal areas of Jiangsu province presented a fluctuation trend before 20t0 but increased, with higher incidences for scrub typhus, HFRS, and malaria, between 2011 - 2013.