实践知识:复杂治理场域中公共行政知识的新隐喻

Practical Knowledge: New Metaphors of Public Administration Knowledge in Complex Governance Field

随着治理场域复杂性的增长,公共行政实践作为一种特殊的人类管理活动,需要一场系统的认知革命,对公共行政的基本知识形态进行探讨。具体来说,在对长期居于主导地位的技术知识观进行检视与反思的同时,探索一种广泛存在于公共行政实践中的"行动中的知识",即实践知识。基于实践理性的实践知识因具有主体性、情境性、协商性和真与善的双重取向、社会建构等特征,对于促进公共行政的民主化、增加政府治理的有效性、践行公共行政的公共性和提升政府在复杂性条件下的治理能力等,具有重要的理论与实践意义。为了创造有利于公共行政实践知识建构与再生产的基本条件,至少需要从公共行政实践主体、公共组织的新形态即合作制组织和基于实践理性的公共行政规范等方面进行检视与变革。

With increased complexity of the field of governance, as a special human management activity, public administration practice requires a systematic cognitive revolution, and discussions of the basic form of knowledge in public administration. Specifically, while examining and reviewing the long-time dominant view of technical knowledge, it is important to explore the ＂knowledge in action＂ that has existed in a wide range of public administration, namely practical knowledge. Practical knowledge based on practical reason possesses the following features ： subjectivity, context, consultative attitude, dual orientations of truthfulness and goodness, and social constructivism ; therefore it is of significant theoretical and practical value for promoting democratization of public administration, increasing the effectiveness of governance, realizing public attribute of public administration, and improving governance competence under complex conditions. In order to create the fundamental conditions for the construction and reproduction of practical knowledge of public administration, it is imperative to examine and reform the following aspects as the minimum requirements： main body of the practice of public administration, new forms of public organizations （ cooperative organizations ） , and public administration norms based on practical reason.