东方梨和西方梨花粉发育时期的比较

Comparison of pollen development periods between oriental pear and occidental pear

为了探寻东方梨和西方梨花粉发育的不同特点及其单核靠边期,从而为其花药离体培养接种外植体的选择提供科学依据,对6个东方梨和3个西洋梨品种花粉发育的特点进行了观察试验。结果表明:供试的9个梨品种花粉发育都经历了花粉母细胞期、四分体时期、小孢子期、成熟花粉期;西洋梨的物候期比东方梨晚,且花粉开始发育的时间也晚,东方梨早熟品种和晚熟品种花粉开始发育的时间不同,与各自的物候期密切相关;根据其物候期初步确定了东方梨品种绿宝石、满天红、红酥脆、美人酥、红香酥和红香蜜的单核靠边期。

In order to find the differences of pollen development and the late uninucleate stages of oriental pear and occidental pear, and to provide a scientific basis for screening the optimal explants of anther in vitro culture, the characteristics of pollen development of six oriental pear varieties and three occidental pear varieties. The results showed that pollen development of nine varieties went through pollen mother cell stage, tetrad stage, microspore stage and mature pollen stage. The phenological period and pollen development initiating period of the occidental varieties were later than that of the oriental varieties. The pollen development initiating periods were different between early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties of oriental pears, which were closely related to their phenological periods. According to their phonological periods, the late uninucleate stages of some oriental pear varieties were preliminarily identified, including ＇Lvbaoshi＇, ＇Mantianhong＇, ＇Hongsucui＇, ＇Meirensu＇, ＇Hongxiangsu＇ and ＇Hongxiangmi＇.