学做服务工:中国都市青年、职业学校和新阶层的形成

Learning to Serve: Urban Youth,Vocational Schools and New Class Formations in China

中国职业学校学生的命运究竟如何?本文根据南京市两所职业学校为期一年(2007—2008年)的民族志研究,借由韦伯的分析路径,描述了职业学校学生学习生活以及最终由半技术工人进入新型服务经济领域的过程。研究表明,在今天的中国城市中,职业学校是一个产生新社会阶层的优选场所。首先,职业学校从结构和意识层面上生产一个独立的年轻人阶层群体;其次,职业学校打造的相似学生背景和共同生活空间有助于催生一种新的社会阶层和文化;再次,职业学校构建的新文化积极作用于学生的选择和生活方式,促使他们流向服务行业,成为半技术工人。总之,职业学校学生正处于一个新社会阶层初级阶段:共享着相似的生活方式、生活机遇、市场地位和有限的社会流动。

What＇s the destiny of vocational education youth in China？ Based on a year of ethnographic research （2007-2008） in two secondary vocational schools in Nanjing, this essay describes the lives and experiences of a group of young people enrolled in vocational education through a Weberian approach. The study shows that ur- ban vocational secondary schools are a privileged site for producing a new social class in China today. Firstly, vo- cational education generates a separate status group of young people structurally and ideologically ; secondly, the similar background and common living environment created by the students of vocational schools help to generate a new social class and culture; thirdly, the new culture constructed by vocational schools plays a positive role in students＇ choices and styles of life, encouraging them to be engaged in the service economy as semi-skilled labor. In short, vocational education students are in the primary stage of the formation of a new social class. They share the similar style of life, life chance, market position and limited social mobility.