意识、事实与宪政:梁漱溟宪政态度的转变、原因及启示

Awareness,Fact and Constitutional Government:Change of Liang Shuming's Attitude Toward Constitutional Government

梁漱溟对待中国宪政的态度经历了两次大的转变,从"梦想立宪",即认为宪政是解决"中国问题"的"救急仙方"到"不附合、不参加、另探索",再到积极参与宪法的制定、修改,敢于提出自己的独特见解,再三强调宪政限制王权的作用。梁漱溟宪政态度第一次转变的原因,是"由意识到宪政,最后形成事实"转向"由意识到事实,最后形成宪政";第二次转变的原因,是"由意识到事实,最后形成宪政"与"由意识到宪政,最后形成事实"的结合。梁漱溟宪政态度转变及原因,对建设有中国特色宪政的启示是:对宪政内涵有新认识;认识到宪政是"治国之策"而"非强国之策";高度重视宪政建基的"事实";掌握宪政建设的路径。

Liang Shuming＇s attitude towards China has experienced two major constitutional chang- es. from the ＂dream constitutionalism＂, in which constitutionalism is an elixir to solve ＂China prob- lem＂, to ＂not to attach together, not to participate, but to explore＂, then to actively participate in the Constitution to enact, amend , put forward his own unique insights and repeatedly stress the role of the constitutional monarchy restrictions. His first attitude changes from ＂from consciousness to constitu- tionalism and to facts＂ to ＂from consciousness to facts and to constitutionalism＂. His second change com- bines ＂from consciousness to facts and to constitutionalism＂ and ＂from consciousness to constitutionalism and to facts＂. These may give light to construction of Chinese Constitutionalism. to have a new under- standing of constitutional meanings, to recognize that constitutionalism is ＂for ruling the country＂ but not for ＂being a power＂, to attach great importance to constitutional construction of the base of the ＂facts＂ , and to know the paths of its construction.