马超“督临沮”和“北督临沮”地理位置考辨

Research on Ma Chao's Governing Linju and Governing North Linju in Geography

马超是蜀汉前期的重要将领,《三国志》记载他曾"督临沮",其都督地位于荆州南郡的临沮县,而《华阳国志》中记载的"北督临沮"位置则应是在雍州武都郡的沮县,蜀汉政权之所以改变马超的督区,首先是为了扼守北通汉中的军事要道——阳平关,其次是能够保障供给,从而实现攻略曹魏陇右地区的战略计划,最后还可以缓解蜀汉内部矛盾,平衡政权中复杂的政治局面。

Ma Chao was one of the most important generals in the early Shu Han. San Guo Zhi recorded that he governed Linju, located in Linju County in South Province of Jingzhou. Howerer, Hua Yang Guo Zhi wrote that Linju should be Ju County in Wudu Province of Yongzhou. The reasons why Shu Han changed Ma Chao＇s controlling space were as follows. First, it could hold the military highway Yang Pingguan leading to Hanzhong. Second, it could guarantee the supply, so as to realize the strategic project of storming Longyou Area of Cao Wei. Finally, it could relieve internal contradictions of Shu Han and balance the complicated political situation .