天山北麓地下水基于生态水位的调控模拟分析

Simulation on Groundwater Regulation Based on Ecological Water Table in the Northern Foot of Tianshan Mountain

针对地下水资源可持续利用与表生生态协调发展的问题，在对天山北麓野外调查及已有研究结果分析的基础上得出细土平原区生态水位埋深为3～6m。应用数值模拟技术对现状及调整开采布局后地下水位引起的表生生态效应进行对比，结果表明：现状地下水资源开发布局不仅易诱发表生生态负效应，而且造成了水资源浪费；通过调控地下水状态可以实现地下水资源可持续利用与表生生态协调发展的目的，并确定了不同地貌单元地下水开采阈值即山前戈壁带、细土平原区和沙漠边缘分别为7．3亿m^3／a，16．4亿m^3／a和2．4亿m^3／a。

To coordinate development between sustainable utilization of groundwater resources and supergene ecology, ecological water depth was drawn from 3 m to 6 m based on field survey and previous achievements. In the current and regulated exploitation of groundwater resources, potential ecological effects induced by water-level fluctuations were compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. Results of this study indicated that negative effects of supergene ecology had been not only induced in the current exploitation of groundwa- ter resources, but also lots of water resources had been wasted. Furthermore, the coordinated development could be achieved by regulating groundwater status. The calculated threshold values of groundwater exploita- tion were 0.73 billion m^3/a, 1.64 billion m^3/a and 0.24 billion m^3/a in the piedmont Gobi, alluvial plain and desert edge, respectively.