基于生态绿当量的生态移民区生态效益评价——以盐池县移民区为例

Evaluation for Benefit in Ecological Shelter Area Based on Ecological Green Equivalent Weight——Example of Shelter Area in Yanchi County

以宁夏盐池县花马池镇的四个生态移民区为研究对象,进行生态移民区生态效益评价。应用2008年SPOT卫星遥感影像和2013年无人机航摄影像,首先对研究区5a间土地利用变化进行监测与分析;其次应用生态绿当量评价模型进行生态移民研究区生态效益评价。研究显示:(1)2008—2013年5a间研究区的生态绿当量均有所提高,生态环境有改善;(2)2008年和2013年研究区域的生态绿当量均低于1,移民区生态环境仍较为脆弱;(3)研究区森林覆盖率低于联合国最低值20%,高于环保部生态县15%的覆盖率,基于生态绿当量森林覆盖率与最佳森林覆盖率有很大的差距,表明研究区土地利用方面仍需调整,需加大保护生态恢复措施力度,继续实行封山育林禁牧、退耕还林等措施制度。

The paper evaluates the ecological benefits in ecology shelter based on the research about four ecolo- gy shelters in Hua Machi town of Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. SPOT satellite remote sensing image in 2008 and UAV aerial image in 2013 were used to monitor and analyze the change of land ap- plication in the research area, then the ecological benefits in the area were evaluated by ecological green equivalent evaluation model. The results showed that the ecological green equivalent weight in research area had increased from 2008 to 2013, which meant that the ecological environment was improved; the ecological green equivalent weight in research area was still less than 1 in 2008 and 2013, which showed the ecological environment in shelter area was relatively weak at present; the forest coverage rate in research area was 20%, less than minimum value of UN standard, and that was higher than the coverage rate （15%） which en- vironment-protection department required ecology county to meet. The forest coverage rate based on green equivalent weight had a large gap behind the best forest coverage rate, which indicated that the land use in the research area need more adjustment. More efforts should be made for ecology protection and restoration. Essential methods such as closing hillsides to facilitate forestation, banning raising livestock on hills, and re- turning the grain plots to forestry are all supposed to be continued.