略论宋词鹤意象的类型及内涵

On the Typology and Meaning of Crane Imagesin Song Poems

鹤是中国古代文学作品中常见的禽鸟意象之一。在长期的文学发展过程中,中国古代文学作品中的鹤,形成了其独特的意象内涵,被赋予了诸多象征和寓意。宋词中的鹤意象,按照表达内容及内在蕴涵的不同,大致可以分为以下几种类型:长寿鹤;辽东鹤、黄鹤、扬州鹤;猿鹤;传书飞鹤;赤壁鹤。宋词鹤意象反映了宋人对雅文化的追求、是宋代祝寿风俗盛行的表现、承载了宋人对神仙的向往、表达了宋人的隐逸之致、体现了宋人超然物外的人格追求。分析宋词中鹤意象的情感意蕴和文化内涵,可以更好的了解宋人的内心情感及文化精神。

A crane is one of the most common bird images in Chinese ancient literature. In the history of literature, Crane image gradually has its unique meaning, such as symbolic meaning and other implications. Crane image in Song Poems, according to its content and implication, can be roughly divided into several groups： longevity crane; crane of Liaodong, Yangzhou, Chibi, the Yellow Crane; and monk-crane, crane as the messenger and so on. Functioning as an indicator which reflect two facts in Song Dynasty： the pursuit of high culture by literati and the popular celebration of birthday, Crane image is the expression of the long for celestial being and of the detached attitude towards society. The analysis of crane image in Song poems is helpful for the understanding of the inner feeling and cultural spirit popular in Song .Dynasty.