美国错案透视及其对我国司法防范的启示

On the Misjudged Cases and the Judicial Enlightenments to China

有监狱的地方就有冤魂,近年来美国无罪案件数量增多,错案数激增的形势严峻、不容乐观,拉响了美国司法界的警报。美国错案的形成是多个方面原因综合而成的结果,细致梳理这些原因成为有效防范错案的关键。基于错案的不可避免性,美国颁布DNA法案、成立"无辜者计划",从政府到民间拥有诸多适应美国国情的相关救济机制。刑事错案是全球司法界共同面对的难题,中国司法界需要积极了解美国司法错案形成及其救济的现状,从中汲取有益成分与合理内核,科学全面地采取有效措施防止国内冤假错案的发生。

Where there are prisons, there are wronged prisoners. In recent years, the number of American misjudged cases has increased, and the situation is so serious that judiciary of the United States has to sound the alarm. Injustice is caused by a variety of reasons. Studying these reasons carefully is the key for American Judicial office to the United States prevent misjudged cases effectively. Based on the inevitable feature of the misjudged cases, passed the DNA bill, setting up ＂the Innocence Project＂. From the government to the private sectors is there a series of conscious solutions adapted to American national conditions. Misjudged criminal case is a common problem throughout the world. Knowing the judicial practice in the United States, judicial authorities in China should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, taking more scientific, comprehensive and effective measures to prevent the occurrence of similar misjudged cases.